Stock market futures are financial contracts that allow investors to buy or sell a specific underlying asset, such as stocks, at a predetermined price and date in the future. These contracts provide investors with a way to speculate on the future direction of the stock market and hedge against potential losses.

Stock market futures are typically traded on futures exchanges, such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) or the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), and are settled in cash when the contract expires. Futures contracts can be used to trade a variety of underlying assets, such as stock indexes, commodities, currencies, and interest rates.

Investors use futures contracts to speculate on the future direction of the stock market or to hedge their positions. For example, if an investor expects the stock market to rise, they can buy stock index futures contracts, which will increase in value if the stock market goes up. Alternatively, if an investor wants to hedge their stock portfolio against potential losses, they can sell stock index futures contracts, which will offset any losses in their portfolio if the stock market goes down.

It's important to note that futures trading can be risky and complex, and investors should have a thorough understanding of the market and the risks involved before investing in futures contracts. It's always a good idea to consult with a financial advisor before making any investment decisions.